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Pagan Pioneers: Founders, Elders, Leaders and Others
John Whiteside Parsons(Rocket
Science and Magick)
Written and compiled by George KnowlesJohn Whiteside
Parsons (also known as Jack, but born Marvel Whiteside Parsons) was an American
rocket fuel developer at the University of Southern California Institute of
Technology (Caltech). His
research was central to the United States early rocket programs in the 1930s and
40s, most notably in the development of space-capable rocket fuels and the
invention of Jet-assisted Take-off Units (JATO) for
military aircraft during WWII. Parsons
was also a keen occultist
with a particular interest in the works of the infamous “Aleister
Crowley”, and later headed the Agape Lodge in Los Angeles, Crowley’s main lodge of the “Ordo
Templi Orientis”
(O.T.O.) in America. Parsons
was the second child born to Marvel H. Parsons, a wealthy real estate developer in Springfield, Massachusetts, while
his mother Ruth Virginia (nee´ Whiteside) was the daughter of the President of
the Stevens-Duryea Auto Co in Springfield. His
parents were married in Springfield 1912, but sadly their first child was
stillborn. Devastated by their loss
they moved to California in an effort to put the tragedy behind them.
Two years later on the 02nd October 1914 their second child
“Marvel Whiteside Parsons” (named after his father) was born at the Good Samaritan Hospital
in Los Angeles. Initially
living in downtown Los Angeles, an area susceptible to
the vices of a newly evolving City, after the birth of their son they moved to a
more respectable area at 2401 Romeo Street.
However, far from cementing their marriage, as the name of the Street
would suggest, Ruth learned that while she was pregnant and throughout the birth
of her son, her husband had been carrying on an
illicit affair with a local prostitute. Distraught
by his infidelity, Ruth forced him out of their home and later divorced him on
the grounds of adultery. Thereafter
so as not to be reminded of his treachery,
she refused to call her son Marvel and always referred to him as John
(later he would prefer to be called Jack, the name he is now most commonly known
by). Ruth’s wealthy parents Walter Hunter Whiteside (by then retired) and his wife Carrie also relocated to California to be closer to their daughter and help raise their grandson. They bought and moved into a sprawling mansion at 537 Orange Grove Avenue, an area in Pasadena commonly referred to as Millionaire Row. Here young Parsons was raised in the lap of luxury waited on by two English servants and cared for by his doting mother and grandparents. Despite this, Parsons remained a solitary child content to spend his time daydreaming and reading books on Mythology, Arthurian legends and early issues of Amazing Stories (a pulp Science Fiction magazine devoted to fantasy space-age travel).
Amazing Stories Quarterly, Spring 1928 - Amazing Stories, April 1932 Initially privately tutored, in 1926
Parsons began his formal education at Washington Junior High School, but away
from his pampered home life he was dealt a severe dose of reality.
Most of the kids at school, many from less privileged families, detested
the rich kid with his airs and graces and took every opportunity to ridicule and
bully him. However, he was
fortunate in that he soon formed a lasting friendship with fellow pupil Edward
S. Forman. Forman was the son of an
impoverished farmer who had moved to Pasadena to find
work as an electrical engineer. Having
led a rough and tumble life, Forman was more than capable of keeping the bullies
at bay, he was also bright and intelligent, and shared Parsons enthusiasm for
Science Fiction. Three years later in 1929 both boys moved to Pasadena’s John Muir High School, by which time they had started experimenting with homemade rockets. Using balsa wood, cardboard and duck tape to fashion crude rockets; they scraped black powder out of fireworks in attempts to launch them from the back garden of his grandfather’s home. Later they made small-motorized rockets and experimented with various petrochemical fuels to launch them from a deserted area of the Arroyo Seco Canyon.
Parsons with Edward S. Forman Sadly however, the Parsons family
fortunes began to change. Just
before the famous Wall Street crash of 1929, his grandfather had invested
heavily in Pasadena real estate and built a new and expensive mansion house at
285 North San Rafael Avenue, but as the recession set in and property prices
began to fall, so too did his wealth and health.
He died in July 1931 leaving Parsons the beneficiary of the new house,
but with little left of his fortune to maintain it. In the meantime Parsons had left the John Muir
High School to complete his formal education at the University School, a private
and expensive all-boys school in Pasadena, further depleting the family
fortune. To help ease the burden on
their expenses, he took a part-time
job working for the Hercules Powder Company (a manufacturer of
explosives) in Los Angeles, while his mother Ruth Parsons also took a job as a
shop assistant, but back in the hated downtown area of Los Angeles. After graduating from University School
in the summer of 1933, but no longer able to maintain and upkeep their luxury
home, Parsons moved his mother and grandmother into a smaller house in
Pasadena. Meanwhile he continued working
part-time at the Hercules Powder Company and was quickly developing an
encyclopaedic knowledge of chemicals,
compounds and explosives. He had also maintained his friendship with Ed Forman, and
when time allowed they continued to experiment with rockets in the Arroyo Seco
Canyon. In the autumn of 1933, Parsons used the last of his
grandfather’s fortune to enrol at the Pasadena Junior College, there hoping to
earn a degree in Chemistry and Physics, which in turn would gain him entry into
Stanford University or Berkeley. Sadly
it was not to be, for after just one term he was forced to drop out, his family
fortune had run out and he could no longer afford to continue.
He was fortunate in one respect however, in that he had so impressed the
management of the Hercules Powder Company that he was offered a full time job at their
main manufacturing plant in Pinole. In 1935 as Parsons and Ed Forman continued their rocket experiments in the Arroyo Seco Canyon, through a contact at USC (the University of Southern California) they were introduced to Frank J. Malina, a postgraduate student in Mechanical Engineering from Texas who shared their enthusiasm for Rocketry. After explaining their experiments, Malina was able to persuaded Professor Theodore von Karman the director of Caltech’s Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory to set up a special “Rocket Research Project”. Karman also provided them with facilities in which to continue their experiments.
Frank J. Malina - Professor Theodore von Karman In the meantime, in April 1935, Parsons married his first wife Helen Parsons (nee Northrup). They had met a year earlier at a local church dance and were married in April 1935 at the Little Church of the Flowers, Forest Lane Memorial Park, Glendale, before taking a brief honeymoon in San Diego.
Helen Parsons Back at the university a new research laboratory was
quickly set up on campus, and while Malina provided the scientific and
mathematical data required for Caltech’s support, Ed Foreman began to develop
ever more sophisticated and powerful engines.
Parsons for his part continued to experiment with chemicals and
explosives in efforts to develop a stable rocket fuel. However one such experiment resulted
in the near destruction of the laboratory, after which they were dubbed the “Suicide
Squad” and expelled from the campus back to the Arroyo Seco Canyon, a
safer place to continue with their experiments. After much trial and error, Parsons finally found the elusive fuel they needed by combining a mixture of Potassium Perchlorate with roofing tar. This led to the development of Rocket Jet-assisted Take-off Units (JATO), which when fitted to a military aircraft give it the extra boosting power they needed to win World War II. The success of the JATO units led to the founding of the “Jet Propulsion Laboratory” (JPL), a company that in 1943 evolved into the “Aerojet Engineering Corporation”, the country’s first government-sanctioned Rocket Company and the early forerunner of the United States “NASA Space Program”.
Despite his lack of a University education, Parsons soon became acknowledged as Caltech’s leading expert on explosives. As such in 1938 he was called upon to give expert testimony in a celebrated “State” prosecution murder trial. A Captain Earle E. Kynette and Lieutenants Roy Allen and Fred Browne of the Los Angeles Police Department were accused for murdering a vice squad officer called Harry Raymond by placing a pipe bomb in his car. Raymond had been investigating political corruption within the police department and was about to expose them. The trial lasted several months and made headline news in all the national newspapers. As a result, and due to Parsons expert testimony, all three were found guilty and convicted for the murder.
Parsons with a mock replica of the pipe bomb used in the killing.
In 1942 Parsons father Marvel H. Parsons died and bequeathed him another huge mansion at 1003 South Orange Grove Avenue, Pasadena. However his progress with rocket fuel and the newly formed JPL Company had yet to yield any real monetary success and he could little afford to maintain such a large home on his own. He therefore converted the home into a boarding house with 11 individual apartments to rent. Much to the anguish of his snobbish neighbours he then placed an advert in the local paper stating: “Only bohemian musicians, artists, atheists and anarchists need apply”. Nicknamed “The Parsonage”, the house was soon filled with a variety of oddball scientists, writers, artists and other eccentrics, among them “Nieson Himmel” (a journalist), “Robert Cornog” (a physicist), and “L. Ron Hubbard” (the author and future founder of Scientology).
Nieson
Himmel - Robert Cornog - L. Ron Hubbard By this
time Parsons was also delving into the occult practises of “Thelema”,
a magical system pioneered by the infamous Aleister Crowley.
Earlier on the 15th February
1941, he and his wife Helen had
been initiated into the Agape Lodge No 2 of the Church of Thelema in Los Angeles, then the base of Crowley’s magical
Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO). Parsons
quickly rose through the ranks of the OTO and on the authority of Crowley
himself, in 1943 took over
its leadership from Wilfred Talbot
Smith. Wilfred Talbot Smith was an expatriate Englishman who had met Crowley during his visit to Canada (1915-1919), at which time Crowley formed his first OTO lodge in Vancouver, leaving it under the leadership of Charles Stansfeld Jones. In 1930 Smith moved from Canada to California and there opened a new lodge “the Agape Lodge No 2” at 1746 North Winona Boulevard, Los Angeles, which thereafter became the main lodge of the OTO in America.
Charles Stansfeld Jones - Wilfred T. Smith - Aleister Crowley After gaining
control of the Agape Lodge, The Parsonage became the main meeting place
for OTO members and attracted many visitors.
Meetings and rituals conducted at the Parsonage were often followed by
noisy all night parties in which sex, drugs and alcohol was in equal supply.
This in turn caused much consternation among his more conservative
neighbours who could little understand their goings on.
Soon rumours of black magic orgies, animal sacrifices and other strange
activities began to circulate, but despite frequent raids by the police, nothing
sinister was ever found to be taking place. Secretly however, there was much going on that would have raised eyebrows of polite society. Parsons had begun an illicit affair with his wife’s sister Sara Elizabeth Northrup (aka Betty, then just 17-year-old), while at the same time his own wife Helen was having an affair with Talbot Smith to whom she birthed a son Kwen Lanval Parsons. Shortly after in 1943, Parsons and his wife divorced and she married Talbot Smith who was later ousted from the OTO by none other than Aleister Crowley in England. Parsons in the meantime continued his affair with Betty as well as other female members of the OTO.
Sara Elizabeth Northrup – Helen Parsons and Wilfred Talbot Smith By this time through his work with the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory and later the Aerojet Engineering Corporation
who had gained major sales contracts with the military to supply JATO units
during the progress of WWII, Parsons was once again a fairly wealthy man. However the main executive management of Aerojet was made up
of academic’s from Caltech, and they had little time for the uneducated
Parsons, indeed they viewed his libertine playboy lifestyle and occult associations with
sceptism. In December
1944 just before the end of World
War II, Aerojet management negotiated the sale of 51% of the company
stock to the General Tire and
Rubber Company, but would only agree to the sale on the condition that Parsons
and his old friend Ed Forman were removed from the company.
Parsons who didn’t see
much of a future in rocket fuel without a war, and as money was no longer a big
priority for him, agreed to leave the company and sold his stock for $11,000.
However he was still considered the leading expert in rocket fuel development in
US and so retained a high level of security clearance for working with various
companies as a consultant. In the meantime Parsons continued his OTO
activities at the Parsonage and formed
a magical partnership with fellow member L. Ron Hubbard
(who by this time was also having an affair with his sister-in-law
girlfriend Sara
Northrup (aka Betty).
Together they began working on the now famous series of rituals known as
“The Babalon Workings”. In
these he planned to invoke
a “divine feminine elemental” that would
usher in a new age of liberty signalling the end of the Christian era with its
outmoded morality. Parsons later declared the Babalon workings to have been successful when one night in February 1946, shortly after the conclusion of the workings, a friend of an OTO member “Marjorie Cameron” turned up at the Parsonage. On seeing her for the first time Parsons immediately recognized her as the personification of Babalon and wasted no time in getting to know her. Initially Cameron took no interest in Parsons beliefs and occult practices, but he persisted and maintained that she had an important destiny. Later that year on the 19th October 1946, Parsons and Cameron married at the San Juan Capistrano courthouse in Orange County, witnessed by his long time friend Ed Forman.
Marjorie Cameron - Jack and Marjorie Parsons In the
following year 1947, Parsons
attempted to form a new company called “Allied Enterprises” with his
magical partner L. Ron
Hubbard and his former
sister-in-law girlfriend Sara Northrup. Together
they planned to buy and sell luxury boats in Florida.
The venture was mainly funded by Parsons who perhaps gullibly, invested a
large portion of his new-found wealth, $21,000 against just $1,100 contributed
by Hubbard. Shortly after Hubbard
and Sara, who he later bigamously married before
divorcing his first wife,
disappeared to Florida taking the bulk of Parsons money with them but with no
intention of returning. Later
Parsons discovered that Hubbard did buy three boats and sued him for the misappropriation
of funds. Hubbard was ordered to
give Parsons two of the boats and repay the rest of his money, but Hubbard never
did repay his debt. Down
on his luck and once again short of funds, disheartened
and disillusioned Parsons
returned to Pasadena and resigned from the Ordo Templi Orientis.
He had also decided to sell “The Parsonage”, which was proving a drain on his remaining finances.
He and his wife then moved into rented rooms above a garage on the
Cruikshank Estate in South Orange Grove, Manhattan
Beach. By this time Parsons was still working as a consultant for various local aircraft companies including the North American Aviation Company and Hughes Aircraft. While at Hughes Aircraft he was also working on a project with Israel to design and build a jet-propulsion factory. However, to help with his reseach, he was caught using his high level security clearances to access and take home confidential documents. Military security was called in to investigate and suspecting espionage, the FBI was also called in to investigate his earlier association with Wernher Von Braun in Germany. Before the start of WWII, Parsons had been an enthusiastic cross-Atlantic telephone friend with Braun during his efforts to develop a stable rocket fuel.
Wernher Von Braun Wernher Von Braun (23/03/1912 - 16/06/1977) was
the German rocket scientist credited with inventing the V-2 ballistic missile
for Nazi Germany. He was one of the
leading figures in the development of rocket technology in WWII Germany and
reputedly a member of the Nazi Party and the SS. Later after the war ended, he was responsible for creating
the Saturn-V rockets for the United States.
Today in USA he is considered by NASA to be the “Father of Rocket
Science.” This
couldn’t have happened at a worse time for Parsons for the threat of communism
was hanging heavy across America and the “McCarthy witchhunts”
were beginning to heat up. While
charges of espionage were never raised against Parsons, it was later revealed
that the documents he had
been collating were
not particularly secret and should have been declassified after the war, but the
harm had been done and he was stripped of all his security clearances.
As a result he could no longer work in the US rocket industry
and to make ends meet was reduced to mundane work such as pumping gas at a local filling stations and occasionally designing explosive special effects for
Hollywood films.
But as was his
nature, in the garage of his
rented home where he had stored a vast collection of chemicals and componds, he
continued to experiment with explosives. On the 17th
June 1952 while rushing to fulfill a special effects order for a new Hollywood
film, an explosion at his home
rocked the neighborhood and was heard as far away as a mile. According
to the later police reports they say: “Parsons
dropped a concoction of fulminate of mercury blowing off his right arm,
breaking his other arm and both legs and leaving a gaping hole in his jaw”. Apparently he survived the initial blast but died 45 minutes
later shortly after arriving at the
hospital. He was just 38 years old. His
devoted mother Ruth who lived nearby, on hearing of the death of her son took a
fatal overdose of Nembutal sleeping pills in order to join him in the afterlife. Parsons legacy
includes many patents for liquid and solid fuel products for rockets and a
exhibit of one of his solid fuel motors is on display at the Smithsonian Air and
Space Museum in Washington, D.C. In 1972 a crater, appropriately on the dark side of Moon, is called
“Parsons Crater” and was named in his honour, yet still in most
histories about NASA and the early beginnings of US space explorations, his name
is hardly ever mentioned? Let those remembered never be
forgotten, for we shall not see their like again.
End
Bibliography:
Freedom Is a Two-Edged Sword by John Whiteside Parsons, Edited by Marjorie Cameron and Hymenaeus Beta (on-line 1976 Edition Edited by C.R. Runyon)
Three Essays on Freedom by John Whiteside Parsons (2008). With an Introduction by Hymenaeus Beta (The Teitan Press) also includes: The Collected Writings of Jack Parsons:
The
Book of Babalon The
Book of Antichrist The
Birth of Babalon (poem) We
are the Witchcraft The
Woman Girt with a Sword Letters
to Cameron The Manifesto of the AntiChrist
The surviving fragments of Parsons Babalon Working are now the property of the OTO. Parsons second wife Marjorie Cameron holds the copyright to Freedom is a Two-Edged Sword. Sources:
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/02/20/RVGTVB8SBI1.DTL http://www.thelemapedia.org/index.php/Jack_Parsons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Whiteside_Parsons
Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons by George Pendel (Harcourt 2005)
Plus to many others to mention
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Site Contents - Links to all Pages
A Universal Message:
Let there be peace in the world - Where have all the flowers gone?
About me: My Personal Page / My Place in England / My Family Tree (Ancestry)
Wicca & Witchcraft
Wicca/Witchcraft / What is Wicca / What is Magick
Traditional Writings:
The Wiccan Rede / Charge of the Goddess / Charge of the God / The Three-Fold Law (includes The Law of Power and The Four Powers of the Magus) / The Witches Chant / The Witches Creed / Descent of the Goddess / Drawing Down the Moon / The Great Rite Invocation / Invocation of the Horned God / The 13 Principles of Wiccan Belief / The Witches Rede of Chivalry / A Pledge to Pagan Spirituality
Correspondence Tables:
Incense / Candles / Colours / Magickal Days / Stones and Gems / Elements and Elementals
Traditions:
Traditions Part 1 - Alexandrian Wicca / Aquarian Tabernacle Church (ATC) / Ár Ndraíocht Féin (ADF) / Blue Star Wicca / British Traditional (Druidic Witchcraft) / Celtic Wicca / Ceremonial Magic / Chaos Magic / Church and School of Wicca / Circle Sanctuary / Covenant of the Goddess (COG) / Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans (CUUPS) / Cyber Wicca / Dianic Wicca / Eclectic Wicca / Feri Wicca /
Traditions Part 2 - Gardnerian Wicca / Georgian Tradition / Henge of Keltria / Hereditary Witchcraft / Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (H.O.G.D.) / Kitchen Witch (Hedge Witch) / Minoan Brotherhood and Minoan Sisterhood Tradition / Nordic Paganism / Pagan Federation / Pectic-Wita / Seax-Wica / Shamanism / Solitary / Strega / Sylvan Tradition / Vodoun or Voodoo / Witches League of Public Awareness (WLPA) /
Other things of interest:
Gods and Goddesses (Greek
Mythology) / Esbats &
Full Moons / Links
to Personal Friends & Resources / Wicca/Witchcraft
Resources / What's a spell? /
Circle Casting and
Sacred Space / Pentagram
- Pentacle / Marks
of a Witch / The Witches
Power / The Witches Hat
/ An
esoteric guide to visiting London / Satanism
/ Pow-wow
/ The
Unitarian Universalist Association / Numerology: Part 1
/ Part 2 / Part
3 / A
history of the Malleus Maleficarum: includes: Pope
Innocent VIII /
The
papal Bull /
The
Malleus Maleficarum /
An extract from the Malleus Maleficarum
/ The letter of approbation
/ Johann
Nider’s Formicarius /
Jacob
Sprenger /
Heinrich Kramer /
Stefano Infessura
/ Montague Summers /
The Waldenses
/ The Albigenses
/
The Hussites / The
Native American Sun Dance
/ Shielding (Occult
and Psychic Protection) /
Sabbats and Festivals:
The Sabbats in History and Mythology / Samhain (October 31st) / Yule (December 21st) / Imbolc (February 2nd) / Ostara (March 21st) / Beltane (April 30th) / Litha (June 21st) / Lammas/Lughnasadh (August 1st) / Mabon (September 21st)
Rituals contributed by Crone:
Samhain / Yule / Imbolc / Ostara / Beltane / Litha / Lammas / Mabon
Tools:
Tools of a Witch / The Besom (Broom) / Poppets and Dolls / Pendulums / Cauldron Magick / Mirror Gazing
Animals:
Animals in Witchcraft (The Witches Familiar and Totem Animals) / Antelope / Bats / Crow / Fox / Frog and Toads / Goat / Honeybee / Kangaroo / Lion / Owl / Phoenix / Rabbits and Hares / Raven / Robin Redbreast / Sheep / Spider / Squirrel / Swans / Unicorn / Wild Boar / Wolf / Serpent / Pig / Stag / Horse / Mouse / Cat / Rats / Unicorn
Trees:
In Worship of Trees - Myths, Lore and the Celtic Tree Calendar. For descriptions and correspondences of the thirteen sacred trees of Wicca/Witchcraft see the following: Birch / Rowan / Ash / Alder / Willow / Hawthorn / Oak / Holly / Hazel / Vine / Ivy / Reed / Elder
Sacred Sites:
Mystical Sacred Sites - Stonehenge / Glastonbury Tor / Malta - The Hypogeum of Hal Saflieni / Avebury / Cerne Abbas - The Chalk Giant / Ireland - Newgrange /
Rocks and Stones:
Stones - History, Myths and Lore
Articles contributed by Patricia Jean Martin:
Apophyllite / Amber / Amethyst / Aquamarine / Aragonite / Aventurine / Black Tourmaline / Bloodstone / Calcite / Carnelian / Celestite / Citrine / Chrysanthemum Stone / Diamond / Emerald / Fluorite / Garnet / Hematite / Herkimer Diamond / Labradorite / Lapis Lazuli / Malachite / Moonstone / Obsidian / Opal / Pyrite / Quartz (Rock Crystal) / Rose Quartz / Ruby / Selenite / Seraphinite / Silver and Gold / Smoky Quartz / Sodalite / Sunstone / Thunderegg / Tree Agate / Zebra Marble
Wisdom and Inspiration:
Knowledge vs Wisdom by Ardriana Cahill / I Talk to the Trees / Awakening / The Witch in You / A Tale of the Woods / I have a Dream by Martin Luther King /
Articles and Stories about Witchcraft:
Murdered by Witchcraft / The Fairy Witch of Clonmel / A Battleship, U-boat, and a Witch / The Troll-Tear (A story for Children) / Goody Hawkins - The Wise Goodwife / The Story of Jack-O-Lantern / The Murder of the Hammersmith Ghost / Josephine Gray (The Infamous Black Widow) / The Two Brothers - Light and Dark
Old Masters of Academia: (Our Ancestors)
Pliny the Elder / Hesiod / Pythagoras / Paracelsus / Abramelin the Mage / Archimedes / Agrippa / Socrates / Aristotle / Albertus Magnus - “Albert the Great” / Biographies
A "Who's Who" of Witches, Pagans and other associated People (Ancient, Past and Present)
(Departed Pagan Pioneers, Founders, Elders and Others)
Pagan
Pioneers: Founders, Elders, Leaders and Others
Aidan A Kelly / Aleister Crowley - “The Great Beast” / Alex Sanders - “King of the Witches” / Alison Harlow / Allan Bennett - the Ven. Ananda Metteyya / Allan Kardec (Spiritism) / Alphonsus de Spina / Amber K / Ann Moura / Anna Franklin / Anodea Judith / Anton Szandor LaVey / Arnold Crowther / Arthur Edward Waite / Austin Osman Spare / Balthasar Bekker / Biddy Early / Barbara Vickers / Bridget Cleary - The Fairy Witch of Clonmel / Carl " Llewellyn" Weschcke / Cecil Hugh Williamson / Charles Godfrey Leland / Charles Walton / Christopher Penczak / Christina Oakley Harrington / Cornelius Loos / Damh the Bard - "Dave Smith" / Dion Fortune / Dolores Aschroft-Nowicki / Donald Michael Kraig / Doreen Valiente / Dorothy Morrison / Dr. John Dee & Edward Kelly / Dr. Leo Louis Martello / Edain McCoy / Edward Fitch / Eleanor Ray Bone - “Matriarch of British Witchcraft” / Eliphas Levi / Ernest Thompson Seton / Ernest Westlake / Fiona Horne / Frederick McLaren Adams - Feraferia / Friedrich von Spee / Francis Barrett / Gavin and Yvonne Frost and the School and Church of Wicca / Gerald B. Gardner - The father of contemporary Witchcraft / Gwydion Pendderwen / Hans Holzer / Helen Duncan / Hermann Löher / Herman Slater - Horrible Herman / Heinrich Kramer / Idries Shah / Isaac Bonewits / Israel Regardie / Ivo Domínguez Jr. / Jack Whiteside Parsons - Rocket Science and Magick / James "Cunning" Murrell - The Master of Witches / Janet Farrar and Gavin Bone / Jean Bodin / Jessie Wicker Bell - “Lady Sheba” / Johann Weyer / Johannes Junius - "The Burgomaster of Bamberg" / Johann Georg Fuchs von Dornheim - the “Hexenbrenner” (witch burner) / John Belham-Payne / John George Hohman - "Pow-wow" / John Gerard / John Gordon Hargrave and the Kibbo Kith Kindred / John Michael Greer / John Score / Joseph “Bearwalker” Wilson / Joseph John Campbell / Karl von Eckartshausen / Lady Gwen Thompson - and "The Rede of the Wiccae" / Lambert Daneau / Laurie Cabot - "the Official Witch of Salem" / Lewis Spence / Lodovico Maria Sinistrari / Ludwig Lavater / Madeline Montalban and the Order of the Morning Star / Margaret Alice Murray / Margot Adler / Michael Howard and the UK "Cauldron Magazine" / Margaret St. Clair - the “Sign of the Labrys” / Marie Laveau - " the Voodoo Queen of New Orleans" / Marion Weinstein / Martin Antoine Del Rio / Matthew Hopkins - “The Witch-Finder General” / Michael A. Aquino - and The Temple of Set / Monique Wilson / Montague Summers / Nicholas Culpeper / Nicholas Remy / M. R. Sellars / Mrs. Maud Grieve - "A Modern Herbal" / Oberon Zell-Ravenheart and Morning Glory / Old Dorothy Clutterbuck / Old George Pickingill / Olivia Durdin-Robertson - co-founder of the Fellowship of Isis / Paddy Slade / Pamela Colman-Smith / Patricia Crowther / Patricia Monaghan / Patricia “Trish” Telesco / Paul Foster Case and the “Builders of the Adytum” mystery school / Peter Binsfeld / Philip Heselton / Raven Grimassi / Raymond Buckland / Reginald Scot / Richard Baxter / Robert Cochrane / Robert ‘von Ranke’ Graves and the "The White Goddess" / Rosaleen Norton - “The Witch of Kings Cross” / Rossell Hope Robbins / Ross Nichols and the " Order of Bards, Ovates & Druids" (OBOD) / Rudolf Steiner / Sabrina Underwood - "The Ink Witch" / Scott Cunningham / Selena Fox - founder of "Circle Sanctuary" / Silver Ravenwolf / Sir Francis Dashwood / Sir James George Frazer and the " The Golden Bough" / S.L. MacGregor Mathers and the “Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn” / Starhawk / Stewart Farrar / Sybil Leek / Ted Andrews / The Mather Family - (includes: Richard Mather, Increase Mather and Cotton Mather ) / Thomas Ady / T. Thorn Coyle / Vera Chapman / Victor & Cora Anderson and the " Feri Tradition" / Vivianne Crowley / Walter Brown Gibson / Walter Ernest Butler / William Butler Yeats / Zsuzsanna Budapest /
Many of the above biographies are briefs and far from complete. If you know about any of these individuals and can help with additional information, please contact me privately at my email address below. Many thanks for reading :-)
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